Menstrual Cramp: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatments

Life is hard as it is already, no one would appreciate an extra dose. Sadly, that is exactly what life cruelly often throws at us. One of the things that might make life a little bit more difficult, especially for women is menstrual cramps or pain. In this article, we will be delving into what menstrual cramps or pain is, including its causes, symptoms and ways to treat this very painful health menace.
Menstrual cramps are pains that women experience in their lower abdomen, shortly before, during, and may even persist for a while after the menstrual period. The level of severity can range from mild feelings of discomfort to really severe pain that might obstruct normal day to day activities like walking.

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Menstrual Cramp: Causes
For the sake of easier understanding, we will be distinguishing the causes of menstrual cramps into both external and internal causes.
External Causes
The following are the external factors that might make a woman more prone or likely to experience menstrual cramps:

  • Being overweight or obese
  • Incessant smoking of tobacco or excessive use of alcohol. Note that even alcohol and tobacco use that are considered as moderate can also trigger menstrual cramps.
  • If a woman has never been pregnant
  • If she experiences heavy menstrual periods
  • If her first menstrual period began at a considerably early age. Say, 11 years old or younger.


Internal Causes
The following are internal causes of menstrual cramps:

  • A High Level of Prostaglandin: prostaglandin are chemicals produced in a woman’s body that is responsible for many of the menstrual cramps symptoms experienced by them. This chemical is secreted by the uterus tissue lining. It stimulates the contraction of the uterine muscles. So, as a general rule, the higher the level of prostaglandin present in a woman, the more intense the contractions of her uterus will be. And as extension, the more intense the pain experienced during the menstrual period will be.

  • Use of IUD (Intra Uterine Device): as a method of birth control, the use of IUD is often a cause of menstrual cramp.

  • Abnormal pregnancy: abnormal pregnancy, such as ectopic pregnancy, that is, pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus, is also a cause of menstrual cramps
  • Endometriosis: this is when uterine tissue appears outside the uterus
  • Infections in the reproductive organs
  • Narrow Cervix
  • Ovarian cyst
  • Adenomyosis and fibroids: these are non-malignant growths in the uterus
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Menstrual cramps: symptoms

  • As it is already noted in this article, a major symptom of menstrual cramp is the feeling of mild or intense pain in the lower abdomen of a woman shortly before and during the menstrual period. This is not the only symptom that there is a however. Other symptom of menstrual cramps may include the following:
  • Vomiting
  • Feeling of dizziness
  • Frequent bouts of headache
  • Weakness
  • Feeling of pain at the lower part of the back
  • Diarrhoea
  • General irritability
  • Feeling of pain in the leg, often a feeling of pain radiating down the leg
  • And in extreme cases, fainting spells may be experienced


If the pain experienced persists longer than usual or if the bleeding is excessive however, medical help may be needed.

Menstrual Cramps: Treatments
Menstrual cramps can be treated through various means, the include the use of medications, home remedies, and even surgery.
Menstrual Cramp’s Medication
The use of anti-inflammatory medications is arguably the best way to go about the treatment of menstrual cramps. This medication includes drug such as naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and ketaprofen (Orudis). This drugs are easily accessible without prescription and are very effective in minimizing, or treating menstrual cramps. It is advisable that these drugs are taken before the start of the menstrual period.
Menstrual Cramp’s Home Remedies
Where the above mentioned anti-inflammatory drugs are not available, the following strategies are very useful in fighting against menstrual cramps:

  • Use of thiamine (100 mg daily)
  • Regular exercise, especially before the start of the menstrual period
  • Try massaging the lower abdomen and the back
  • Apply a heating pad to the pelvic area
  • Use of calcium (1,200 mg daily)
  • A vegetarian diet


Surgery for menstrual cramps includes D&C (a procedure used in removing uterine polyps), endometrial ablation, endometrial ablation, hysterectomy (the uterus complete removal), and laparoscopy.

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